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THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION TO PROMOTE LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES TO LATINOS AND THE SPANISH SPEAKING
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THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION TO PROMOTE LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES TO LATINOS AND THE SPANISH SPEAKING
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REFORMA GOLD
by Albert Milo, Director
Fullerton Public Library
At a recent Library Board meeting I was confronted by a community resident objecting to the Library's purchase of Spanish books with taxpayers' money. I thought I would share with you my response to him in case you should find yourself in a similar situation.
10 REASONS WHY WE BUY SPANISH BOOKS
Here are my favorite reference books that I use with a course I teach in the Chicano Studies Department. Spanish language reference sources are not in the scope. The file is converted from Word for Windows 7.0. If the =20 appears at the end of each paragraph there was a network problem in the conversion, in which case I can set it up as a web document and you should be able to then download from the CEMA url adrress.
--Sal Guerena
Selected Chicano/Latino Reference Sources
Compiled by Salvador Guerena
The Hispanic-American Almanac: Work on Hispanics in the United States. Nicolas Kanellos, ed. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1993.
Provides information on a wide variety of topics related to United States Hispanics. Includes a keyword index, a glossary of Spanish terms, illustrations and tables. (Main Reference E184 .S75 H574 1993)
Garcia-Ayvens, Francisco. Chicano Anthology Index: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of Chicano Art, 1965-1987. Berkeley: Chicano Studies Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1986. (EGS Reference Z1361 .M4 G37 1990)
Goldman, Shifra, and Tomas Ibarra Frausto. Arte Chicano: A Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography of Chicano Art, 1965-1981. Berkeley:Chicano Studies Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1985.
This is actually an index, an important one, providing subject, author/artist, and title access to articles, books, exhibit catalogs, and art works (EGS Reference Z5961 .U5 G64)
Latinos and Politics: A Selected Research Bibliography. Austin: University of Texas Center for Mexican American Studies, 1991. A bibliography of sources, journal articles, dissertations and books, on Latinos and politics. Includes a subject and author index. (Main Reference E184 .S75 L369)
Martinez, Julio A., and Ada Burn. Mexican Americans: An Annotated Bibliography of Bibliographies. Saratoga: R&E Publishers, 1984.
Evaluates selected sources dating from 1979 to 1983 (EGS Reference Z1361 .M4 M36)
Robinson, Barbara J., and J.Cordell Robinson. The Mexican American:A Critical Guide to Research Aids. Greenwich: Jai Press, Inc., 1980.
One of the most useful guides to Reference materials published through 1978, essential for historical research. Author, title, and subject indexes are provided. (EGS Reference Z1361 .M4 R63)
Dictionary of Hispanic biography. Joseph C. Tardiff & L. Mpho Mabunda, eds. ; foreword by Rudolfo Anaya. New York : Gale Research, c1996. (EGS CT1343 .D53 1996)
A one-stop source for biographies on close to 500 women from the 15th century to the present. Most of the entries--arranged alphabetically, are from the contemporary, or 20th century period and represent U.S. Hispanics as well as Latin American countries.
Who Biographical Information for notable Hispanic Americans (EGS Reference E184 .S75 W53 1992/93)
Meier, Matt S. Mexican American Biographies: A Historical Dictionary, 1837-1987. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
A great beginning point for information about individuals in many difference fields, with references to additional sources. (EGS Reference E184 .M5 M454)
Bustamante, Jorge A. Mexico-Estados Unidos: Bibliografia General Sobre Estudios Fronterizos. Mexico: El Colegio de Mexico, 1980.
An excellent guide to the border literature. It makes no difference that the title is in Spanish. Arranged topically, many sources are in English. Author index. (Main Library Z1361 .R4 B87)
Jamail, Milton H. and Margo Gutierrez. The Border Guide: Institutions and Organizations of the United States-Mexico Borderlands. 1st ed. Austin, Tx: Center for Mexican American Studies, University of Texas at Austin, 1992. (EGS Reference F 787 .J35 1992)
This gathers a wide range of information in one volume concerning border communities, including a bibliography on borderlands topics, a directory of agencies and organizations involved with border concerns, and brief essays describing border communities.
Sable, martin H. Las Maquiladoras: Assembly and Manufacturing Plants on the United States-Mexico Border: An International Guide. New York: Haworth Press, 1989. (EGS Z 7914.M3 S23 1989)
Valk, Barbara G. Borderline: A Bibliography of the United States-Mexico Borderlands. Los Angeles: Latin American Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 1988.
A subject-arranged bibliography covering border-related topics and issues, citing materials in the sciences, social sciences, and the humanities. Author index. (EGS Reference Z1251 .M44 V35)
Carrasquillo, Angela. Hispanic Children and Youth in the United States: A Resource Guide. New York: Garland, 1991. (CTN E184 .S75 C37 1991)
Garcia-Ayvens, Francisco. Chicanos in These Times. Santa Fe Springs: ATM Information Services, 1990.
A cumulative subject index to articles about Chicanos in the Los Angeles Times. (EGS Reference F869 .L89 M429)
Schorr, Alan Edward. Hispanic Resource Directory, 1992-1994: A Comprehensive Guide to over 6,000 National, Regional and Local Organizations, Associations, Agencies, Programs and Media Pertaining to Hispanic Americans. Juneau, Ak: Denali Press, 1992. (Main Reference E184 .S75 S281)
Hispanic Americans Information Directory, 1994. Detroit: Gale research, 1994/95
4,800 entries for contact information to nonprofit organizations, companies, newspapers, education, etc. that deal with the US Hispanic Experience. (Main Reference E184 .S75 H566 1994/95)
Cordasco, Francesco. Bilingual Education in American School: A Guide to Information Sources. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1979.
This is, of course, dated, but is useful for historical and background research in this field, such as in tracing the origins of the Bilingual Education Act. (EGS Reference LC3731 .C667)
The Latino encyclopedia. Richard Chabran and Rafael Chabran, editors. New York : Marshall Cavendish, c1996.
An excellent, copiously illustrated, six-volume work that collects essential information into one source on Latino life, culture and history. There is an index and a timeline in the last volume. (EGS .S75 L357 1996)
Reference Library of Hispanic America. Nicolas Kanellos, editor. Special library ed. Detroit: Gale Research, c1993.
A three-volume set that covers Hispanic civilization and culture in the United States. There are twenty-five major subject chapters. Brief biographical sketches of prominent individuals are found throughout. (EGS E184.S75 R44 1993)
Reyes, Luis and Peter Rubie. Hispanics in Hollywood: An Encyclopedia of Film and Television. New York: Garland, 1994.
A reference guide to Hispanics and their representation in films and in television, including made-for-television movies and miniseries as well as major motion pictures and smaller productions. There is a section with biographical profiles and an index. (EGS PN 1995.9 .H47 R49)
Hadley-Garcia, George. Hispanic Hollywood: The Latins in Motion Pictures. New York: Carol Publishing, 1990.
A great place for photographs and information about the Hispanic stars and their films throughout history. Includes an index.
Chronology of Hispanic-American history. Kanellos, Nicolas and Cristelia
Perez, ed. New York : Gale Research, c1995. (EGS E184.S75 C49 1995)
A comprehensive listing of historical events, issues, topics and cultural happenings that are considered significant throughout Latin America and in the United States, dating back to pre-Columbia times.
Latinos in the United States: A Historical Bibliography. Albert Camarillo, ed.Santa Barbara, Ca: ABC-Clio, 1986.
Over 1,300 annotated references primarily to journal articles written during the period of 973 to 1985. Although other US Latino groups are represented, Mexican American topics constitute the bulk of the citations. Detailed subject index. (EGS Reference Z1361 .S7 L37)
Meier, Matt S. Bibliography of Mexican American History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984.
A comprehensive research bibliography, partially and briefly annotated, covering materials in many formats. Author and subject indexes provided. (EGS Reference Z1361 .M4 M414)
Meier, Matt S., and Feliciano Rivera. Dictionary of Mexican American History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.
Brief subject coverage to a wide array of topics alphabetically arranged. Some entries list suggested further readings. Excellent starting point for novices. (EGS Reference E184 .M5 M453)
Hispanic Writers: A Selection of Sketches From Contemporary Authors. Bryan Ryan, ed. Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1991.
Entries, which are culled from a standard literary source, supply bibliographic data for Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban American (as well as Latin American) writers, both literary and academic. Some overlap with Chicano Writers. (Main Reference PQ7081.3 .H58 1991)
Lomeli, Francisco A. and Carl R.Shirley. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Chicano Writers (First Series) Detroit: Gale Research Inc., 1989.
Gathers for the first time fifty-two biographical/critical essays representing a broad cross-section of writers. Includes a fair number of entries by Chicana authors. (Main Reference PN141 .D52 v82)
Lomeli, Francisco A. and Julio Martinez. Chicano Literature: A Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.
Recommended first source to consult for in-depth coverage of notable writers and themes. Includes subject index. (Main Reference PS153 .M4 C46)
Trujillo, Roberto G. Literatura Chicana: Creative and Critical Writings Through 1984. Oakland, Ca: Floricanto Press, 1985.
An un-annotated listing of 763 titles organized into the various genres and in various formats. (EGS Reference Z1229 .M48 T78)
Enciclopedia de Mexico. Edicion Especial, 1987, 14vols.
Excellent, revised set covering many topics and biographies of illustrious people, arranged alphabetically. There is no index. Highly recommended since some topics are difficult to find elsewhere. For Spanish-reading researchers! (Main Reference F1204 .E5 1987)
Pick, James B., Butler, Edgar W., Lanzer, Elizabeth L. Atlas of Mexico. San Francisco: Westview Press, 1989.
A new descriptive volume which comprehensively covers demographic data and maps gathered from the 1980 Mexican Census and more recent government sources. Includes an index. (EGS Reference G1545 .P5 1989)
Castillo-Speed, Lillian, Richard Chabran and Francisco Garcia-Ayvens. Chicano Periodical Index. Berkeley:Chicano Studies Library Publication Unit, 1981-
An Indispensable index comprehensively covering Chicano periodicals in early volumes; more recent volumes cover all periodical literature. Six separate volumes to date span 1967-88. (EGS Reference Z1361 .M4 C46)
Castillo-Speed, Lillian, Richard Chabran and Francisco Garcia-Ayvens. The Chicano Index Berkeley:Chicano Studies Library Publication Unit, 1989- New title for the Chicano Periodical Index with supplements in three-ring-binder format. New coverage includes books, periodical literature, parts of books, and dissertations. Its contents are included on the Chicano Database on CD ROM. (EGS Reference Z1361 .M4 C46)
Hispanic American Periodicals Index. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1975-
An annual subject and author index to journals covering Latin America or Latin Americans in the US. Chicanos are also covered to a more limited extent. Note that many of the journals are from Latin American countries and are in Spanish. (Main Reference Index Table 12A , Melvyl)
Anuario Hispano-Hispanic Yearbook. McLean: T.I.Y.M. Publishing Company, 1987-
A compendium of information on Hispanics, including listings of Hispanic organizations, companies, and consulates operating in the US. (EGS Reference HD 2346 .U52 W352 1987-)
The Hispanic Almanac. New York: The Hispanic Policy Development Project Inc., 1990.
A fact book of social and economic data, including profiles of the top twenty Hispanic markets. (EGS Reference E 184 .S75 H49 1990)
Hispanic Americans: A Statistical Sourcebook. Louise L Horner, ed. Boulder, Co.: Numbers & Concepts, 1995
Nearly 120 tables present socioeconomic indicators, most derived from US Bureau of the Census. Tables are sometimes broken down by national origin e.g., Mexican American, Cuban, Puerto Rican, etc.; helpful glossary explains census-related terms. (EGS Reference E184 .S75 H5655 1993) Hispanic Databook of U.S. Cities and Counties. Milpitas, Ca.: Toucan Valley Publications, 1994. (EGS Reference E 184 .S75 H567 1994)
Statistical Record of Hispanic Americans. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc. 1993
A single volume source for government, business, and private statistics on US Hispanics. Has subject index and cites source for further investigation. (Main Reference E184 .S75 S735 1993)
US Hispanic Market. New York: Strategy Research Corporation, 1996.
Provides a myriad of statistics on the US Hispanic population, including breakdowns by geography and by demographic sub-groups. It goes beyond basic statistics, including areas such as language usage and assimilation. (EGS Reference HC110 .C6 U83 1996)
Chabran, Richard. "Chicana Reference Sources." In Cordova, Teresa, et al. Chicana Voices: Intersections of Class, Race, and Gender. Austin, TX: Center for Mexican American Studies, 1986. (EGS Reference E184 .M5 C438 1986)
The Chicana Studies Index: Twenty Years of Gender Research, 1971-1991. Lillian Castillo-Speed, comp. & ed. Berkeley, Ca: Chicano Studies Library Publications Unit, University of California at Berkeley, 1992.
This essential and long-awaited index will fill a wide gap in the bibliography of Mexican American women(EGS Reference E184 .M5 C4 1992)
Knaster, Meri. Women in Spanish America: An Annotated Bibliography from pre- Conquest to Contemporary Times. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1977. (EGS Reference Z7964 L3 K525)
Notable Hispanic American Women. Detroit: Gale Research , 1993. Includes biography and bibliography of 300 notable Hispanic women with entries arranged alphabetically. Includes all "Hispanic" as defined by US Census Bureau. It has a subject index. (Main Reference E184 .S75 N68 1993)
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Salvador Guerena, Director
California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives
Donald Davidson Library, University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Internet: guerena@library.ucsb.edu
Tel: 805-893-8563 FAX: 805-893-4676
http//www.library.ucsb.edu/speccoll/cema.html
DECLARACIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS DE LAS BIBLIOTECAS
La Asociación de Bibliotecas de los Estados Unidos de America (American Library Association) afirma que todas las bibliotecas son foros abiertos para la información y las ideas, y que las siguientes normas basicas deben dirigir sus servicios.
I. Con el fin de satisfacer el interés de sus usuarios y darles acceso a todo tipo de informacioón, toda biblioteca debe poner sus libros y otros recursos a la disposición de todos los integrantes de la comunidad a la cual sirve.
II. Toda biblioteca debe proveer información y materiales que representen todos los puntos de vista sobre temas históricos y de actualidad. Ningun material debe ser prohibido ni retirado de circulación por motivos doctrinarios o partidistas.
III. En su misión de proveer información sin restricciones, toda biblioteca debe enfrentarse a todo acto y tipo de censura.
IV. Toda biblioteca debe cooperar con todos los individuos y grupos interesados en oponerse a cualquiera restriccion a la libre expresión y el libre acceso a las ideas.
V. No se le debe negar a ninguna persona el derecho de usar la biblioteca por motivos de origen, edad, antecedentes personales o punto de vista.
VI. Toda biblioteca que cuente con espacio disponible para exhibiciones o reuniones publicas, debe ofrecerlo en forma equitativa, sin tener en cuenta la creencia o afiliación de los individuos o grupos que soliciten su uso.
Adoptado el 18 de junio 1948. Enmendado el 2 de febrero de 1961 y el 23 de enero de 1980 por el Consejo de la Asociación de Bibliotecas de los Estados Unidos de America (Council of the American Library Association).
The Hispanic Research Center at the University of Texas at San Antonio has just published the DIRECTORY OF ORGANIZATIONS FOR IMMIGRANT RIGHTS, 1996. Compiled by Roberto R. Calderon, the first edition of the directory contains over 1,900 citations. A majority of the citations reference Latino organizations and resources. DIRECTORY OF ORGANIZATIONS FOR IMMIGRANT RIGHTS is the most comprehensive (selected) directory of its kind available. It is intended to facilitate communication between and among scholars, policymakers, activists, service providers, educators, students, health practitioners, and so on.
National in scope, the research leading to the directory's publication was in response to the anti- immigrant politics which have swept the country. This directory constitutes one response to the intolerance and discrimination faced by immigrant communities everywhere.
Over one hundred pages of names and addresses will immediately provide access to the major immigrant rights and related organizations in the country. Included, too, are Internet resources such as listserv lists and websites. The directory provides a user-friendly index organized alphabetically by state at the end.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreward Introduction I. Immigrant Rights A. Organizations B. Resources C. Numbers to Call to Report Anti-Immigrant Actions D. Consular Offices II. Electronic Mail Network: Listserv Lists & Websites A. Immigration & Mexican/Latino Lists B. General Activism & Information Lists C. Electronic Newsletters D. Internet World Wide Websites III. Index By States
The directory has been moderately priced in order to make it affordable and widely accessible. Because the vast majority of those in the Latino and related communities are generally unable to access the Internet, printed copies are still the most immediate way of reaching these audiences.
To order your copy(ies), write, call, or fax:
Hispanic Research Center
6900 North Loop 1604 West
University of Texas at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas 78249-0650
Tel: (210)691-4124
Fax: (210)691-5155
The per copy price is $10.00. This price includes postage and handling. Make checks payable to: HISPANIC RESEARCH CENTER. Order now!
Roberto R. Calderon, Compiler. DIRECTORY OF ORGANIZATIONS FOR IMMIGRANT RIGHTS, 1996. San Antonio: Hispanic Research Center, University of Texas, 1996.
Leyes de California. Aprobadas Durante La Primera (Desde La Vigésima-Segunda)
Sesión de La Legislatura, (1-22 Sesiones, 1850-1878).
Sacramento, Impresor del estado, 1859-1878.
California Manual Informativo Sobre el Mantenimiento de Hijos.
(Sacramento?) : Estado de California, Health and Welfare Agency, Dept.
of Social Services, (1992?).
Como Reducir Los Peligros Del Plomo al Remodelar su Casa.
(Washington, D.C.?) : Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los
Estados Unidos, Oficina de Prevención de Contaminación y
Sustancias Tóxicas, (1995).
Como Usar la Corte Para Reclamos Menores o de Poca Cuantía
: Un Manual Para Acusados y Demandantes.
(Sacramento?) : California Dept. of Consumer Affairs, 1990.
Concursos, Sorteos y Loterías (Contests, Sweepstakes, and
Lotteries) / State of California, Dept. of Consumer Affairs.
(Sacramento?) : The Dept., 1992.
Consejos Que Usted Puede Dar a un Conductor Mayor.
(Sacramento?) : Estado de California, Comercio, Vivienda y Transporte,
Departamento de Vehículos Motorizados, (1993).
Contratos (Contracts) / State of California, Department of Consumer
Affairs.
(Sacramento?) : The Dept., 1992.
Contratos en Español (Spanish-Language Contracts) / State
of California, Department of Consumer Affairs.
(Sacramento?) : The Dept., 1992.
Devoluciones y Exhibición de la Política Respecto a
Devoluciones (Refunds and Display of Refund Policy) / State of California,
Department of Consumer Affairs.
(Sacramento?) : The Dept., 1992.
Directorio de Terminología de Seguros / Edited by Thomas
E. Green and the Merritt Company Editorial Staff.
Santa Monica, CA : Merrit Co., 1995.
El Envenenamiento Por el Plomo y Sus Niños.
(Washington, D.C.?) : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Prevention,
Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, (1995).
Gorrin, Peralta, Carlos I. (Carlos Ivan), 1950-
Fuentes y Proceso de Investigación Jurídica / Carlos
I. Gorrin Peralta.
Orford, N.H. : Equity Pub., 1991.
Guía Para Los Trabajadores Agricolas de California.
(Sacramento?) : State of California, Employment Development Dept., (1995).
Guía Para Padres y Jovenes
(Sacramento?) : State of California, Dept. of Motor Vehicles, (1995).
Humo de Segundo Mano : Que Puede Hacer Usted Sobre el Humo de Segunda
Mano Como Padre, Personal Directivo, y Ocupante de un Edificio.
(Washington, D.C.) : EPA, (1996).
Inquilinos en California: Sus Derechos y Responabilidades / (Por
la Oficina Legal del Departamento del Consumidor).
[Sacramento?] : Departamento de Asuntos del Consumidor, [1990]
Lewis, Loida Nicolas
How to Get a Green Card. Spanish. Como Obtener la Tarjeta Verde : Maneras
Legítimas de Permanecer en Los EEUU / Por Loida Nicolas Lewis
con Len T. Madlansacay; edited by Barbara Kate Repa.
Berkeley : Nolo Press, 1994
La Ley de los Ciudadanos Estadounidenses Incapacitados
[Washington, D.C.?] : U.S. Dept. of Justice, Civil Rights Division,
Office on the Americans with Disabilities Act, [1991?].
Ley Para Personas con Desabilidades : Manual de Asistencia Técnica,
Título II : Cubre Programas y Servicios Gubernamentales Locales
y Estateles.
[Washington, D.C.?] : Departamento de Justicia de E.U.A., Division de Derechos
Civiles, Sección de Derechos para Personas con Desabilidades, [1997].
Libro del Curso : Examen del Curso Vita
[Washington, D.C.?] : Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service,
1989.
Libro del Curso : Reexamen del Curso Vita.
[Washington, D.C.?] : Dept. of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service,
1989.
Lo que Necesita Saber Sobre Sus Deudas Criminales [Microform]
/ Preparado por Oficina Ejecutiva de Fiscales de los Estados Unidos.
Washington, D.C. : Dep. de Justicia de los Estados Unidos, [1992].
Lopez Pulecio, Oscar.
La Ley y la Población en Colombia / Oscar Lopez Pulecio.
Manual Sobre los Derechos de Menores / Departamento de Salud
Mental de California.
[Sacramento?] : The Dept., [1995].
Pedidos por Correo (Mail Order) / State of California, Department
of Consumer Affairs.
[Sacramento?] : The Dept., 1992.
Premios y Regalos (Prizes and Gifts) / State of California, Department
of Consumer Affairs.
[Sacramento?] : The Dept., 1992.
Proyectos o Planes de Ventas en Pirámide (Pyramid Sales Schemes
or Plans) / State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs.
Publicidad (Advertising) / State of California, Department of
Consumer Affairs.
(Sacramento?) : The Dept., 1992.
Puerto Rico. Dept. of Justice.
Opines del Secretario de Justicia de Puerto Rico.
Orford, N.H. : Equity Pub. Co.
Puerto Rico. Office of the Attorney General.
Informe Anual Del Secretario de Justicia.
San Juan : Departmento de Justicia.
Puerto Rico. Supreme Court.
Decisiones de Puerto Rico.
[San Juan, P.R. : Negociado de Materiales, Imprenta y Transporte, 19--]
Puntos Mas Destacados del Título II.
[Washington, D.C.] (P.O. Box 66738, Washington 20035-6738) : U.S. Dept.
of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section, [1996].
Revista de Derecho Puertorriqueño
Ponce, Escuela de Derecho, Universidad Católica de Puerto Rico
Rivera Garcia, Ignacio.
Glosario de Refranes, Aforismos y Adagios / Por Ignacio Rivera Garcia.
Orford, N.H., U.S.A. : Equity Pub. Corp., 1988.
Suplemento Para el Conductor de Motocicletas / State of California,
Department of Motor Vehicles.
[Sacramento?] : The Dept.
Sus Derechos Bajo el Título VI de la Ley de los Derechos Civiles
de 1964.
Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 66560, Washington 20035 - 6560) : Departamento
de Justicia de los EE.UU. , Division de Derechos Civiles, [1996].
Telemercado (Ventas por Teléfono) (Telephone Sales) /
State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs.
[Sacramento?] : The Dept., 1992.
Tomando Acción Contra las Pandillas!
[Sacramento?] : Crime Prevention Center, Office of the Attorney General,
[1994].
United States. Supreme Court.
Pràctica Forense Federal.
Orford, N.H. : Equity Pub. Corp., 1987.
Ventas de Puerta en Puerta (Door-to-Door Sales) / State of California,
Department of Consumer Affairs.
[Sacramento?] : The Dept., 1992.
Benmaman, Virginia.
Bilingual Dictionary of Criminal Justice Terms : English / Spanish
/ by Virginia Benmaman, Norma C. Connolly, Scott Robert Loos.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Gould Publications, 1991.
Cabanellas, Guillermo.
Butterworth's Spanish/English Legal Dictionary = Diccinario Jurñdico
Español / Inglés Butterworths / Guillermo Cabanellas
de las Cuevas, Eleanor C. Hoague.
Austin, Tex. : Butterworth Legal Publishers, 1991.
Cassell's Spanish - English, English - Spanish Dictionary = Diccionario
Español - Ingles Inglés - Español.
London : Cassell; New York : Macmillan, 1978.
Dahl, Henry S.
Dahl's Law Dictionary : Spanish to English / English to Sanish : An
Annotated Legal Dictionary, Including Authoritative Definitions from Codes,
Case Law, Statutes, and Legal Writing = Diccionario Jurídico Dahl
/ by Henry Saint Dahl.
Buffalo, N.Y. : W.S. Hein, 1996.
Mikkelson, Holly.
The Interpreter's Companion : In Which are Brought Together Several
Glossaries of Useful Terminology for the Spanish - English / English -
Spanish Court Interpreter / Compiled by Holly Mikkelson.
Spreckels, Calif. : ACEBO, 1993.
Rivera Garcia, Ignacio.
Diccionario de Terminos Jurídicos / Por Ignacio Rivera Garcia.
Orford, N.H., E.U.A. : Equity Pub. Co., 1985.
Robb, Louis Adams
Dictionary of Legal Terms, Spanish - English and English - Spanish /
by Louis A. Robb; With the Collaboration of the Following Lawyers Tomas
I. Nido...[et al].
Mexico : Limusa, 1986.
Sell, Lewis L.
English - Spanish Comprehensive Specialist's Dictionary for Insurance,
Finance, Law, Labor, Politics, Business.
New York, International Dicitonary Co., [1955].
Solis, Gerardo.
West's Spanish - English / English - Spanish Law Dictionary / by
Gerardo Solis; Contributing Authors, Eduardo Stagg...[et al] and Raul A
Gasteazoro, Jr., Editor.
St. Paul, Minn. : West Pub., 1992.
Tejada y Sainz, Juan de Dios.
Spanish and English Legal and Commercial Dictionary : A Revision and
Enlargement of the Law Translator's Reference Glossary... / by Juan
de Dios Tejada y Sainz.
Santa Maria del Rosario, Cuba: Editorial Var+I+Tek, 1945.
Compiled by Mora Prestinary and Linda Flint from the resources available at the Orange County Law Library, Santa Ana, CA.
BIBLIONOTICIAS
no. 45, revised SEPTEMBER 1997
Editor: Ann Hartness
Compiled by Margo Gutierrez
This issue of Biblionoticias revises and expands an earlier edition published in 1991. An effort has been made to include recent titles on Latinos that devote a signficant number of entries to Mexican Americans. Titles with a regional focus are also listed, particularly if information is difficult to locate elsewhere. For very current and updated biographical information, consult electronic format indexes and databases, as well as general biographical reference sources, listed below. A section for young readers has been added.
Chicano Database [Online]. Ethnic Studies Library, University of California at Berkeley. Chicano Database - go to http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Indexes/C.html and click on Chicano Database (either Web or Telnet access). The online version of the Chicano Index, this database is the major reference source for Chicano studies. Covers period 1967 to present and provides access to books, journal articles, anthologies, reports, and other printed material. Since 1992, the Chicano Database also "describes material on the broader Latino experience." An excellent source for biographical information. Available campus-wide on UT Library Online (UTLOL) Stations
Additional indexes, databases, and other electronic sources with Mexican
American biographical content available on UTLOL Computer Stations are
listed below. They are available to all library users, with the exception
of LEXIS-NEXIS which requires a valid UT ID. When accessed from outside
of the General Libraries, all of these databases require a valid UT ID.
They may be accessed from the UT General Libraries World Wide Web Homepage
(http://www.lib.utexas.edu/) by clicking on "Indexes, Abstracts, and
Full Text" under which the databases are listed in alphabetical order.
ArticleFirst. 1990-present (FirstSearch).
Britannica Online
CARL UnCover. Coverage varies.
Contemporary Authors. Available only in UT libraries on UTLOL Stations.
Expanded Academic ASAP. 1980-present.
Film Index International. Available only in UT libraries on UTLOL
Stations
LEXIS-NEXIS. Coverage varies.
COMEXAZ News Monitoring Service. Oakland, CA: Comite de Mexico
y Aztlan, 1972-1980.
An index to seven major western U.S. dailies, this clipping service provides
access by personal name for the nine-year period between 1972-1980.
E 184 M5 C655 LAC o Benson Collection stacks
Chicano Index. Berkeley: Chicano Studies Library Publications
Unit, University of California at Berkeley, 1990-.
The print equivalent of the Chicano Database (see above), though updates
are less frequent. Access is by subject with author and title indexes.
Earlier title: Chicano Periodical Index.
Z 1361 M4 C47 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Chicano Literature: A Reference Guide. Edited by Julio A. Martinez
and Francisco A. Lomeli. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.
This handbook of literary criticism includes movements and genres as well
as essential biographical information for approximately thirty-six Chicano
writers, living and deceased.
PS 153 M4 C46 1984 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Chicano Writers, First Series. Edited by Francisco A. Lomeli
and Carl R. Shirley. Dictionary of Literary Biography, v. 82. Detroit:
Gale Research, 1989.
Fifty-two poets, novelists, short story writers, playwrights and critics
are highlighted in this volume. Only ten entries are for women writers.
Articles are scholarly, detailed, and include critical references.
PS 153 M4 C48 1989 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Chicano Writers, Second Series. Edited by Francisco A. Lomeli
and Carl R. Shirley. Dictionary of Literary Biography, v. 122. Detroit:
Gale Research, 1992.
An additional fifty-four writers are represented in this second series.
As in the first volume, articles are lengthy (three to six pages), include
plenty of biographical information, and are often accompanied by portraits
and other illustrations. Women writers are better represented.
PS 153 M4 C484 1992 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Chicanos in These Times: A Cumulative Subject Index to Articles About
Chicanos in the Los Angeles Times. compiled by Francisco Garcia Ayvens.
Santa Fe Springs, CA: ATM Information Services, 1985-1991.
Indexes published articles about Mexican Americans appearing in the Orange
County edition of the Los Angeles Times. Covering the period July 1985
to August 1991, the index also includes references to other U.S. Latino
groups.
E 184 M5 C5522 1989 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Dictionary of Hispanic Biography. Edited by Joseph C. Tardiff
and L. Mpho Mabunda. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997.
"Biographical information on more than 470 notable Hispanic women
and men from the 15th century to the present. " Approximately 110
of the 470 profile Mexican Americans or Hispanos of the Southwest. Most
articles are one to two pages long and include sources; occupation index
included, but index by ethnicity/nationality unreliable.
CT 1343 D53 1996 LAC o Latin American Reference Collection
Goldman, Shifra M. and Tomas Ybarra-Frausto. Arte Chicano: A Comprehensive
Annotated Bibliography of Chicano Art, 1965-1981. Berkeley: Chicano
Studies Library Publications Unit, University of California, 1985.
An excellent source for biographical material on Chicano artists working
in all media through 1980. Access is through detailed subject index. Material
listed here is also found in the Chicano Database through UTLOL.
n 6538 m4 g642 1985 lac o Mexican American Reference Collection
Hispanic American Almanac: A Reference Work on Hispanics in the United
States. Edited by Nicolas Kanellos. Detroit: Gale Research, 1993.
Twenty-five chapters "cover the range of Hispanic civilization and
culture in the United States." Most chapters include biographical
portraits of Latinas and Latinos who have made a difference in the fields
of language, law and politics, education, women's rights, religion, literature,
art, music, theatre, film, etc. Helpful bibliographical references and
index.
E 184 S75 H557 1993 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Hispanic Heroes: Portraits of New Mexicans Who Have Made a Difference.
Edited by Rose Diaz and Jan Dodson Barnhart. Albuquerque: Starlight Publishing,
1992.
Eighteen distinguished Hispano individuals and families from the 18th century
to the present are highlighted in this brief work.
F 805 S75 H57 1992 LAC o Benson Collection stacks
Hispanic Literary Companion. Edited by Nicolas Kanellos. Detroit:
Visible Ink Press, 1996.
Excerpts of literary works by thirty-five Latina/o writers, nineteen Mexican
American, are preceded by biographical information. A list of writings
is found at the end of each author entry.
PS 508 H57 H566 1996 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Hispanic Writers: A Selection of Sketches From Contemporary Authors.
Bryan Ryan, editor. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991.
"Provides ... biographical and bibliographical information on more
than 400 authors who are a part of twentieth-century Hispanic literature
and culture in the Americas." Fully 100 of the entries represent Chicano
writers, both literary and academic. Some overlap with Chicano Writers
listed above.
PQ 7081 A1 H48 1991 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Keller, Gary D. A Biographical Handbook of Hispanics and United States
Film. Tempe, AZ: Bilingual Press, 1997.
Provides biographical and filmographic data for Latino actors, "directors,
cinematographers, screenwriters ... and other film professionals"
who have participated in the U.S. film industry from the earliest days
to the present. Extensive bibliography and index.
PN 1995.9 H47 K46 1997 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Larralde, Carlos. Mexican American Movements and Leaders. Los
Alamitos, CA: Hwong Publishing Co., 1976.
Approximately twenty life stories of Mexican and Chicano activists and
revolutionaries from 1848 to mid-1970s are included in this work.
E 184 M5 L277 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
The Latino Encyclopedia. 6 v. Edited by Richard Chabran and Rafael
Chabran. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1996.
Includes many short biographical articles for Mexican Americans; indexes
by subject and region of origin.
E 184 S75 L357 1996 v. 1-6 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Martinez, Al. Rising Voices: Profiles in Leadership=Voces que surgen:
lideres prominentes. Glendale, CA: Nestle USA, 1993.
Thirty-nine brief biographies of well-known figures (roughly half Chicano)
in community service, politics, media, entertainment, the arts, and sports.
One page articles in English are followed by Spanish translation. Beautiful
artwork by Latinos is a bonus.
-q-E 184 S75 M3 1993 LAC o Benson Collection stacks
_____. Rising Voices: Profiles of Hispano-American Lives. New
York: New American Library, 1974.
Brief life histories of fifty-two Latino "artists, educators, sportsmen,
labor leaders, entertainers, government workers, scientists, clergymen,
communicators, jurists." Approximately half of the entries in this
early compilation are on Mexican Americans.
CT 220 M34 LAC o Mexican American Reference stacks
Martinez, Julio A. Chicano Scholars and Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical
Directory. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1979.
Along with biographical data, this directory includes bibliographical references
to works by and about several hundred Chicano literary and academic notables.
Though dated, still an important source.
E 184 M5 M385 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Meier, Matt S. Mexican American Biographies: A Historical Dictionary,
1836-1987. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
Prominent Chicano activists, civic leaders, "scholars, writers, artists,
athletes, musicians, singers, actors" and businesspeople are included
in this work. Entries vary from one-half to two pages in length; references
to further reading are provided.
E 184 M5 M454 1988 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Meier, Matt S., and Feliciano Rivera. Dictionary of Mexican American
History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.
Personages prominent in Mexican American history, along with key institutions
and events, are included in this historical dictionary. Useful references
often follow short articles.
E 184 M5 M453 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Meier, Matt S., with Conchita Franco Serri and Richard A. Garcia. Notable
Latino Americans: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, CT: Greenwood
Press, 1997.
Sixty-five of the 127 Latinos profiled are Chicano. In addition to the
requisite national figures, others associated with a particular region
(e.g., Elfego Baca, Casimiro Barela, Hector P. Garcia, Chelo Amezcua Gonzalez,
and Lydia Mendoza) are included. Well-written articles average three pages
and include references for further reading.
E 184 S75 M35 1997 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
The New Handbook of Texas. 6 v. Austin: Texas State Historical
Association, 1996.
This new and improved Handbook attempts to redress glaring omissions from
earlier editions; consequently, hundreds of biographical entries on notable
tejanas and tejanos have been added. An excellent resource.
F 384 N48 1996 LAC o Latin American Reference Collection
Notable Hispanic American Women. Edited by Diane Telgen and Jim
Kamp. Detroit: Gale Research, 1993.
Approximately half of the nearly 300 entries are devoted to women of Mexican
descent in this biographical volume on contemporary Latinas. Most articles
are one to two pages in length and list bibliographic sources. Subject
and occupation indexes are provided.
E 184 S75 N68 1993 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Novas, Himilce. The Hispanic 100: A Ranking of the Latino Men and
Women Who Have Most Influenced American Thought and Culture. Secaucus,
NJ: Carol Publishing, 1995.
Nearly two-thirds of these biographical profiles are devoted to notables
in the arts, show business, and sports. It is unfortunate that more educators,
scientists, and writers were not listed, but compiler admits that the listing
is somewhat subjective. Each article is four to five pages in length and
is accompanied by a portrait. Alphabetical index, but no bibliographical
references.
E 169.1 N77 1995 LACo Mexican American Reference Collection
Quien es quien: A Who's Who of Spanish Speaking Librarians in the
United States, 1994. Edited by Arnulfo D. Trejo, Marta Stiefel Ayala,
and Reynaldo Ayala. 4th ed. Tucson: Hispanic Books Distributors, 1994.
Lists Spanish speaking librarians and paraprofessionals; includes indexes
by country of origin and ethnic/cultural background.
Z 720 A4 T73 1994 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Quirarte, Jacinto. Mexican American Artists. Austin: University
of Texas Press, 1973.
Profiles twenty-seven major Chicano artists from the turn of the century
to the early 1970s and provides biographical background vis-a-vis their
works. Heavily illustrated.
N 6538 M4 Q57 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Reyes, Luis, and Peter Rubie. Hispanics in Hollywood: An Encyclopedia
of Film and Television. New York: Garland, 1994.
Although most of this work is a listing of "nearly 400 films and TV
shows ... with credits, short synopses, production information pertaining
to Hispanic elements, and critical commentary," a substantial portion
is dedicated to biographies of Latino/a actors and production personnel.
PN 1995.9 H47 R49 1994 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Who's Who Among Hispanic Americans. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991-.
Brief entries for over 5,000 individuals provide personal, educational,
and career information, and list professional affiliations, honors and
awards.
E 184 S75 W36 LAC o Mexican American Reference Collection
Machamer, Gene. Hispanic American Profiles. New York: Ballantine,
1996. Geared to middle school readers, this edition is noteworthy for its
section on Latino military heroes. Entries are short, approximately one
page in length. Includes name index and index by occupation.
E 184 S75 M32 1996 LAC o Benson Collection stacks
Marvis, Barbara J. Contemporary American Success Stories: Famous
People of Hispanic Heritage. 6 v. Childs, MD: Mitchell Lane, 1996.
Each of the six volumes in this series includes at least one detailed biography
of a well-known Mexican American active in politics, science, sports or
entertainment. Suitable for ages 8 to 12.
E 184 S75 M384 1996 v. 1-6 LAC-JE o Benson Collections stacks
Morey, Janet. Famous Mexican Americans. New York: Cobblehill
Books, 1989.
Fourteen biographies include Willie Velasquez, Luis Nogales, Blandina Cardenas
Ramirez, and Archibishop Patrick Flores. Articles are quite lengthy (10
to 15 pages) and are accompanied by photographs and selected bibliography.
E 184 M5 M67 1989 LAC-JE o Benson Collection stacks
Morey, Janet Nomura and Wendy Dunn. Famous Hispanic Americans.
New York: Cobblehill Books, 1996.
Mexican Americans profiled include Jaime Escalante, Ellen Ochoa, Federico
Pena, Matt Rodriguez, and Paul Rodriguez. Format is similar to that of
Famous Mexican Americans listed above.
E 184 S75 M67 1996 LAC-JE o Benson Collection stacks
All of the following are located in the Perry Castaneda Library of the University of Texas at Austin campus.
BIO BASE. Detroit: Gale Research, 1978-.
This massive biographical database on microfiche is current through the
late 1990s and supplies millions of citations.
MCFICHE 4633 REF o PCL Reference Department
Biography Index
CT 104 B563 o PCL Reference Index Tables
Current Biography Yearbook
CT 100 C8 o PCL Reference Department
Personal Name Index to The New York Times Index, 1975-1993 Supplement
CT 104 F3522 o PCL Reference Department
Who's Who in America
E 663 W56 o PCL Reference Department
Who's Who in the East
E 747 W59 o PCL Reference Department
Who's Who in the Midwest
E 747 W63 o PCL Reference Department
Who's Who in the South and Southwest
E 176 W645 o PCL Reference Department
Who's Who in the West
F 595 W64 o PCL Reference Department
Copyright C 1997 by The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin. This material may be quoted or reproduced for educational purposes without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given. Any commercial use of this material is prohibited without prior permission from The General Libraries.
********************************************************** Margo Gutierrez Mexican American & Latino Studies Librarian/Bibliographer Benson Latin American Collection, General Libraries University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78713-8916 voice (512) 495-4589 or 495-4520; fax (512) 495-4568; mgutierrez@mail.utexas.edu **********************************************************
Thanks to everyone who submitted the names of listservs. Below is the list compiled to date. It will be used for broadcasting messages re the REFORMA National Conference. A word of caution: I have not personally subscribed to most of these listserv and cannot attest to the currency of addresses.
*chicle listserv being transferred, send msgs to tmarquez@unm.edu
**send msg to "majordomo" instead of "listserv"
*********************************************************************
* Albert Milo, Director (714) 738-6383 Voice Mail *
* Fullerton Public Library (714) 738-6380 Administration *
* 353 W. Commonwealth Ave. (714) 447-3280 Fax *
* Fullerton, CA 92632-1796 amilo@cello.gina.calstate.edu *
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Chronicle Features, San Francisco RELEASE DATE: On or After June 28, 1996 LATINO SPECTRUM by Roberto Rodriguez & Patrisia Gonzales Responding to Royko: It's All in the Books In response to columnist Mike Royko's challenge of a few months ago regarding "What has Mexico done besides give us tequila?", we came up with a list. Our list is not one of dates and personages. Instead, we have compiled a reading list. Admittedly, it takes a lot more work to read books about a people's history, but whose history can be satisfactorily reduced to an inventory of accomplishments? For this column, we decided it would be more appropriate to focus on the history of Mexican Americans as opposed to the history of Mexico itself, because every time someone in the U.S. bashes Mexico, those who have to live with those indignities are the Mexicans or Mexican Americans who live here. And besides, the history of Mexican Americans goes back to both sides of the border.
To learn the history of Mexican Americans, we recommend the following primers (which can be special ordered from any bookstore): "Chicano" by F. Arturo Rosales; "500 Years of Chicano History" by Elizabeth Martinez; "Occupied America" by Rodolfo Acuna; "Roots of Chicano Politics" by Juan Gomez Quinones; and "The Mexican American Heritage" by East Los Angeles high school teacher Carlos Jimenez. These books generally cover history from colonial times to the present and emphasize the regions that are today considered the American Southwest and Midwest. "Chicano" is the book written in conjunction with the recent four-part PBS special by the same name, while Acuna's book is perhaps the most widely used book in Chicano studies classes.
"Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas 1836-1986" by David Montejano is a good read on the history of Mexicans under white domination in Texas. Similarly, "An Illustrated History of Mexican Los Angeles" by Antonio Rios Bustamante and Pedro Castillo is a good history of Southern California. Also, an insightful book that covers the mass Mexican deportations of the 1930s is "Decade of Betrayal" by Francisco Balderrama and Raymond Rodriguez. Excellent books on Chicanas include: "Between Borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana History" by Adelaida del Castillo; "The Emergence of the Modern Mexican Woman: Her Participation In Revolution and Struggle for Equality, 1910 to 1940" by Shirlene Soto; "Chicana Critical Issues" edited by Norma Alarcon; and "Chicana Voices: Intersections of Class, Race and Gender" edited by Teresa Cordova.
Books that examine the 20th century Mexican American civil rights movement are: "Memories of Chicano History: Autobiography of Bert Corona" by Mario T. Garcia; "Chicano Politics" by Gomez-Quinones; and "Youth, Identity and Power: The Chicano Movement" by Carlos Munoz, Jr. Additionally, readers should go to their bookstores or local libraries and ask to see bibliographies on Mexican/Latino books and titles from TQS publications in Berkeley, Calif., Arte Publico Press at the University of Houston and Bilingual Review Press at Arizona State University. All three seminal publishing houses have been instrumental in the flourishing of Chicano/Latino literature. Through these books, readers learn that Mexican Americans are largely a mestizo people with indigenous roots and literature that predate Columbus. They are people who can claim codices (picture books) that go back thousands of years to the Toltecs and Mayans (who built massive pyramids and observatories, and independently discovered the mathematical concept of zero).
Unfortunately, much of that original literature is gone. When the Spaniards arrived in the Americas, the Aztec and Mayan libraries were destroyed and virtually every codex was burned by Spanish priests. Many of these same book-burners--who literally rewrote the history of the Americas--are used today as primary sources by scholars of pre-Columbian history. Despite this history and in spite of the Inquisition, there was a lot of literature produced in the Americas during the colonial era. In this vein, Arte Publico's "Hispanic Recovery Project" is helping to reconstruct the rich literary history of Latinos in what is today the United States. What one can find through reading is that Mexicans weren't always slaves or minorities. Even after the Mexican American War (1846-1848), Mexicans were still powerful legislators throughout the Southwest. However, except in New Mexico and parts of Texas, the descendants of Mexicans eventually became completely disenfranchised. The history of Mexican Americans is varied. In some cases, they were powerful landowners who exploited Mexicans, Indians and blacks. In other cases, they were landless and powerless and were lynched and discriminated against by rich Anglo settlers. Perhaps the work of compiling a book on the educational, artistic and scientific accomplishments of Mexican people is a job for a future historian. But what we should always keep in mind is that history is more than memorizing names and dates; it is understanding not just the who or when, but the why of history. (Copyright Chronicle Features, 1996)
I received this from another listserv and thought I'd share it with my fellow REFORMISTAS.
Chronicle Features, San Francisco RELEASE DATE: On or After August 9, 1996 LATINO SPECTRUM by Roberto Rodriguez & Patrisia Gonzales Death of Hero Recalls Anti-Discrimination Struggles
When historians write the civil rights history of the United States, Dr. Hector Garcia, founder of the American GI Forum, will no doubt be included.
When he died on July 26, he was described by the media as the "Hispanic Dr. Martin Luther King Jr." That's not who he was, but how else could the media portray him if they knew nothing of him? The truth is, Garcia embodies what the media has done to Latinos--kept them invisible except in the politically charged contexts of alien invasions and criminality.
"He was a leader unto himself," says Martin Ortiz, director of the Center of Mexican American Affairs at Whittier College in Southern California.
Above all, his fighting spirit was always felt by those around him. The brief media stories about Garcia noted that he was a civil rights champion, yet did not explain what struggles he participated in. Most Americans have probably never heard of the GI Forum. Worse still, and sadly, most Americans probably can't name--out of the dozens that exist--another Latino or Latina leader with the equal stature of Garcia.
The GI Forum was formed by WWII veterans in 1948 to combat discrimination against Mexican Americans. It came into prominence in 1949 when Felix Longoria, a war hero, was refused burial in his hometown of Three Rivers, Texas because of his race. At the behest of Garcia and the GI Forum, and thanks to the intercession of then Congressman Lyndon B. Johnson, Longoria was buried at the Arlington National Cemetery.
But Garcia didn't stop there. He spent his entire life fighting against discrimination. In 1968, he was named to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and in 1984, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
We predict that when any of those other leaders die, if they get any media coverage at all, they will be similarly described as "the Hispanic version" of someone else.
When Cesar Chavez died in 1993, we saw kids go into shock, thinking that their "boxing hero" had passed away. Of course, boxing legend Julio Cesar Chavez lives, yet many Americans still don't know who the other Chavez was. Incidentally, Cesar, along with his wife, Helen, and Dolores Huerta founded the United Farm Worker's union in 1962.
Another aspect of this story that few Americans seem to know is that Latinos were still being subjected to Jim Crow laws long after WWII--even after having served in the war with distinction. Few seem to know of their historical struggles, from coast to coast, to do away with segregation and discrimination.
Martin Ortiz himself faced much discrimination after the war in his home state of Kansas and adds that it was not atypical of what other people of color faced. A few years after the war, Ortiz, who had been a U.S. Marine, ended up at Whittier College, where he encountered more rampant discrimination. In the town of Whittier, he couldn't get a haircut, enter hotels or be served at restaurants. Today, a $3 million scholarship fund at the college is named in his honor.
Frank Bonilla, professor emeritus at Hunter College, New York, experienced racism firsthand in the South, where he lived as a teenager, he was forced to drink from "Colored" fountains, ride in the back of the bus and attend a segregated black Catholic high school.
During World War II, Bonilla served in a segregated regiment composed of Puerto Rican soldiers and white officers. After the war, the soldiers spent two weeks in Puerto Rico where they were received as heroes. "They gave us the fanciest reception and dinner," says Bonilla. However, when they arrived back on the U.S. mainland, "We were given a five-cent dixie cup ice cream."
The racism they encountered after the war spurred Puerto Ricans to organize. The alliance between the Puerto Rican Young Lords organization and the Black Panther Party of the 1960s was not accidental, says Bonilla. The groundwork had been laid the previous decade by returning veterans. Pete Sandoval reminds us that when he came home after the war, segregation was alive and well in Garden City, Kansas. After forming the Latin American Club in 1945 and after struggling for three years, the organization helped dismantle the segregation there, even before the founding of the GI Forum. He and his wife were the first Mexican Americans permitted into the city's swimming pool and its theater: "Somebody forgot to tell the white theater-goers [that the era of segregation was over], because they chased us into the balcony."
In a sense, that's how we sometimes feel--that the struggles of Garcia and his contemporaries have been relegated by society, and particularly the media, to the balcony, if not the basement. We look forward to reading about those other leaders who also anonymously helped change the political landscape of this country.
(Copyright Chronicle Features, 1996)
Latino Spectrum is a nationally syndicated column, distributed through Chronicle Features. They can be reached at PO BOX 370394, El Paso TX 79937 -- 915-593-2387 or XXXROBERTO@AOL.COM.
Bob Diaz
Assistant to the Dean for Staff Development,
Recruitment and Diversity
University of Arizona Library
1510 E University
Tucson Az. 85720-0055
520-621-2101
Internet address: JDIAZ@BIRD.LIBRARY.ARIZONA.EDU
LATINOS AND HISPANICS: A PRIMER ON TERMINOLOGY
by Jose' Cuello
Wayne State University
The Latinization of the United States
Since the 1960's persons of Latin American descent have become an increasingly important part of the country's population. In the early 21st century, Latinos will become the largest so-called minority group. Even now, the country's largest cities have substantial populations of Latin American descent. Miami is a Latin American city within the boundaries of the US with its large Cuban and Caribbean population. It is a financial and tourist center for much of Latin America. Los Angeles has a Mexican population that is second in size only to Mexico City. Nuyorico (New York) has not only a large Puerto Rican population, but also a rapidly-growing Dominican immigrant group. One out of every five persons in Chicago is a Latino, mostly of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Central American origin. Over the past decade, Central Americans in the US have increased at a faster rate than any other Latino group. There are sections of many cities where one does not have to speak any English at all, a phenomenon that has stimulated not only bilingual education, but also English-first and English-only movements. Whether you welcome, resist, or are indifferent to the change, Latino individuals, groups, and concerns will contribute to the shaping of our common future within your lifetime and even more within that of your children.
Creating New Identities and Sorting Them Out
The integration of Latinos into the national mainstream will require a number of major adjustments - some pleasant, some difficult. One of the most immediate is simply determining what to call the large heterogeneous population and its various sub-groups. One or two nation-wide terms are essential for easy reference on political, economic and other key issues. The new terms are not simply shallow labels. They represent new identities in the public and personal realm for the individuals and groups who either adopt the terms or have them applied to them.
Many Americans, however, are confused about what is politically or culturally correct in the new terminology? Should they call someone a Hispanic or a Latino? Are they dealing with a Chicano or a Mexican-American? What about Puerto Ricans, Haitians, Central Americans and people from South America or even Spain? Most readers have already faced the dilemma. Should I risk the embarrassment or even the ire of a friend or stranger by using a term that he or she may judge as ignorant or racist on my part? Where to go for help? There are no easy guides in the library and no one has thought of setting up a hot line. Even if you successfully adjusted to - or participated in - the changes in identity of another major group from Negro and Colored to Black and Afro-American and finally to African-American, that still does not help you with your Latino identity problem. Why is this writer using the term Latino rather than Hispanic? What you need is a basic primer on terminology that will clear away the confusion and give you confidence in dealing with persons of Latin American descent in your professional and social life.
The Continuing Importance of National Origins and Multiple Identities
Before the ethnic revolution of the 1960s, there was little concept of people of Latin American descent forming a single group within the country. Individuals were identified as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and so on - that is, by their national origins whether they were born in the US or outside of it. In fact, a recent survey reveals that most individuals still use national origin as their primary identification with some finer distinctions arising, say between Mexican and Mexican-American. This is not to say they do not use Hispanic, Latino or Chicano, but it is obvious that these terms refer to larger or political identities. An individual may therefore have several overlapping or shifting identities that are used consciously and selectively depending on the formal or informal situation in which they find themselves. Usage depends on individual choice. While one Mexican-American may reject all other labels, another may also call himself a Chicano, Latino, and a Hispanic at various times or even simultaneously without feeling any conflict although each one of these terms has a political charge to it.
Hispanics
Let us take a closer look at the broader terms of identification. Hispanic has traditionally been used in a neutral sense on the East Coast by Puerto Ricans and Cubans to refer to themselves. The term Hispanic, however, also has political and class implications. Seeking and apprpropriate term for the diverse population of Latin American descent, the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) adopted the term Hispanic in 1973 at the recommendation of the Task Force on Racial/Ethnic Categories. The Census Bureau and other government agencies, along with other large institutions and businesses, followed suit giving the term mainstream acceptance. Politically, the term has become identified with the Establishment. It is widely used by HUPPIES, Hispanic Upwardly-mobile Professionals, who want to integrate themselves into the mainstream and corporate cultures. Hispanic is a non-threatening term and it avoids any negative stereotyping that still might be attached to national-origin labels. Hispanics tends to be politically conservative. If they become unhappy with the status quo, they prefer to work within the system rather than rock the boat.
Latinos
Latino is a term adopted by groups primarily in the West and Midwest who reject Hispanic as a colonial imposition by the government. They also argue that the term is so broad that it includes everyone of Hispanic heritage, including those in Latin America and Spain. (Ironically, this is the reason why the Task Force on Racial/Ethnic Categories rejected the term Latino.) While Latin is an even broader term than Hispanic, the "o" at the end was applied to give it a narrower meaning that refers to people of Latin American descent living within the US, particularly those who are born here. It too has a political charge. Self-identified Latinos are more confrontational than Hispanics and feel that the struggle for equality and opportunity in America is far from over. Latinos know that rocking the boat is the other side of the American way. They focus - not on the individual achievements that Hispanics take pride in - but on the long road the Latino population of the country must still travel before achieving full social, economic and political equality. Academicians and social activists are the biggest promoters of the term Latino.
Chicanos, Mexican-Americans, and Mexicans
It is no accident that the term Latino is most popular in the areas of the country with the greatest concentrations of Mexican-Americans and Mexicans. It currency in the Southwest, West, and Midwest is related to the term Chicano which was adopted in California in the 1960s as a self-identification by young Mexican-Americans who were mad as hell and were not going to take it anymore. The term quickly became the label for a militant civil rights movement that was a rebellion not only against mainstream society, but also against an older generation of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans for whom the word Chicano meant something like punk and delinquent. The term Chicano preceded the term Latino, and the latter is an attempt to broaden the ethnic base of the radical political perspective carried by the term Chicano. In the West and Southwest, most universities have Chicano Studies departments. Latino Studies departments are more common in the Midwest where Mexican-Americans have to share cultural space with other groups of Latin American descent. Hispanic Studies departments are rare and may be concentrated mostly in the East and South. If they exist at all, they are probably associated with the study of the Spanish language.
What Latino is to Hispanic, Chicano is to Mexican-American.
A self-identified Mexican-American is less likely to have an argument to pick with the rest of society. Like the term Hispanic, the terms Mexican-American and Mexican tend to be used by persons who still have a strong identification with the nation of origin and who, in fact, may be immigrants. For Mexicans who are proud of being Mexican, a Chicano is someone distant from his roots whose culture is American and who might as well be another type of gringo - an unsavory one at that. That is why Chicanos rebelled against two parent cultures and - against the grain - have managed to gain a level of respect from both that would have been unpredictable in the 1960s. Chicanos re-charged the term Chicano with a new meaning that is accepted by some and rejected by others.
Puerto Ricans, Nuyoricans, and Boricuas
To a lesser degree, this sort of tension also exists between Puerto Ricans on the island and Nuyoricans on the mainland. Among both, those who reject the image and heritage of being colonized by Europeans often use the term Boricua, derived from Borinquen, the indigenous name of the island, instead of Puerto Rico. This is why Wayne State University has a Center for Chicano-Boricua Studies.
The Gender Factor
The Women's Movement among Latinos has also created additional permutations. Women activists have insisted on reading the term Latino in a very narrow sense as referring only to the male members of the species. They have thus forced a change in general usage and in the names of many programs to Latina/o, Latina/Latino and to Chicana/o or Chicana/Chicano. Males who resist the change on the basis that the original term is comprehensive and inclusive (The way that Mexicano refers to all Mexicans, including the females) are considered retrogade male chauvinists by the more feminist females.
Applying the Terminology
So what does a culturally and politically sensitive American who is not of Latin American descent do with all of this information. Apply it carefully. Analyze the environment. If you are talking to someone who looks European and is wearing corporate stripes, he or she is probably a Hispanic of Argentine, Spanish, or Chilean descent. They could also be of Mexican descent but of the middle class or upwardly mobile. If you are at a union rally, and most of the brothers and sisters are Brown, they are probably Latinos, Chicanos and Boricuas. If you have any doubts, wait to see what they call themselves. They may prefer an identity based on the nation of origin. The term Creole , for example, is used by Haitians. If you still cannot tell what someone wants to be called, then do not be afraid to ask. They will prefer this to being mislabeled. Just remember - we are not all the same and we usually don't bite.
jcuello@cms.cc.wayne.edu
Jose Cuello
Associate Professor of History
Director, Center for Chicano-Boricua Studies
Wayne State University
Detroit, MI 48202
(313) 577-4378
FAX (313) 55-1274
just trying to get through the eye of the needle
DOLORES HUERTA:The UFW's Grand Lady of Steel
"Dolores (Huerta) is totally fearless, both mentally and physically," Cesar Chavez once remarked.
Cesar Chavez commented on her role in the union, "No march is too long, no task too hard for Dolores Huerta if it means taking a step forward for the rights of farm workers."
For more than 20 years, Dolores Huerta has been one of the UFW's most visible symbols.
Senator Robert Kennedy acknowledged her help in winning the 1968 California Democratic Primary movements before he was shot in Los Angeles. She was co-chair-with now Assembly Speaker Willie Brown and Assemblyman John Burton-of the California delegation to the 1972 Democratic convention.
Learn and discover all about DOLORES HUERTA's monumental social and political achievements at the "LaRed Latina" WWW site (url on my signature) under "Special Features" or go directly to the site at:
http://www.inconnect.com/~rvazquez/huerta.html
Saludos, y Buena Suerte
Roberto=======Siempre Adelante===========================================>
********************************************************************** Roberto Vazquez Regular Mail: P.O. BOX 2693 The University of Utah SLC., UT 84110-2693 E-mail: robert.vazquez@m.cc.utah.edu -or- ======> rvazquez@inconnect.com "LaRed Latina" WWW site: http://www.inconnect.com/~rvazquez/sowest.html ************************************************************************
THE TEX-MEX VERSION OF THE NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS
Twas the night before Christmas and all through the casa,
Not a creature was stirring-Caramba Que pasa?
Los ninos were tucked away in their camas,
Some in long underwear, some in pijamas,
While hanging the stockings with mucho cuidado
In hopes that old Santa would feel obligado
To bring all children, both buenos and malos,
A nice batch of dulces and other regalos.
Outside in the yard there arose such a grito
That I jumped to my feet like a fightened cabrito.
I ran to the window and looked out afuera,
And who in the world do you think that it era?
Saint Nick in a sleigh and a big red sombrero
Came dashing along like a crazy bombero.
And pulling his sleigh instead of venados
Were eight little burros approaching volados.
I watched as they came and this quaint little hombre
Was shouting and whistling and calling by nombre:
Ay Pancho, ay Pepe, ay Cuco, ay Beto,
Ay Chato, ay Chopo, Macuco, y Nieto
Then standing erect with his hands on his pecho
He flew to the top of our very own techo.
With his round little belly like a bowl of jalea,
He struggled to squeeze down our old chiminea,
Then huffing and puffing at last in our sala,
With soot smeared all over his red suit de gala,
He filled all the stockings with lovely regalos-
For none of the ninos had been very malos.
Then chuckling aloud, seeming very contento,
He turned like a flash and was gone like the viento.
And I heard him exclaim, and this is verdad,
Merry Christmas to all, and Feliz Navidad
-- Jim and Nita Lee (Dec. 1972)
A BILINGUAL CHRISTMAS
The following, entitled "Feliz Navidad," is a take-off by students
from
Mexico on the American Christmas poem, "A Visit From St. Nick."
'Twas the night before Christmas
And all through the casa,
Not a creature was stirring.
Caramba! Que pasa?
Los ninos were all tucked away in their camas,
Some in vestidos and some in pijamas.
While mama worked late in her little cocina,
El Viejo was down at the corner cantina.
The stockings were hanging with mucho cuidado,
In hopes that Saint Nicholas would feel obligado
To bring all the children, both buenos and malos
A nice batch of dulces and other regalos.
Outside in the yard there arose such a grito
That I jumped to my feet like a frightened cabrito.
I ran to the window and looked afuera,
And who in the world do you think that it era?
St. Nick in a sleigh and a big red sombrero
Came dashing along like a crazy bombero!
And pulling his sleigh instead of venados,
Were eight little burros approaching volados.
I watched as they came, and this quaint little hombre
Was shouting and whistling and calling by nombre:
"Ay, Pancho! Ay, Pepe! Ay, Cuca! Ay, Beto!
Ay, Chato! Ay, Chopo! Maruca!, y Nieto!"
Then standing erect with his hand on his pecho,
He flew to the top of our own very techo!
With his round little belly like a bowl of jalea,
He struggled to squeeze down our old chimenea.
Then, huffing and puffing, at last in our sala,
With soot smeared all over his red suit de gala;
He filled all the stockings with lovely regalos,
For none of the ninos had been very malos.
Then chuckling aloud, seeming very contento,
He turned like a flash and was gone like el viento.
And I heard him exclaim and this is verdad,
"Merry Christmas to All! Feliz Navidad!
Ordering information previously posted in ReformaNet:
A revised version of Pancho Claus (Twas the Night Before Christmas)--c.1955
Lalo Guerrero, c1992 Jose Luis Orozco Revised Lyrics--can be heard on Jose
Luis Orozco's tape/CD, "Pancho Claus," available thru Arcoiris
Records,
P.O. Box 7428, Berkeley, CA 94707. Phone no. is 510/527-5539.
Also on the recording are: El Burrito, Naranjas y Limas, Navidad Campesina,
El Atole, Chocolate, De Colores, Las Posadas, Noche Buena, La Pinata and
Nanita Nana.
Beth Nord
Sunnyvale Public Library
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